Frequency response characteristics and coordinated control strategy of large-scale virtual power plants

田泽禹; 沙钊旸; 严卉; 王珠; 赵全斌; 种道彤

doi:10.19666/j.rlfd.202411230

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Frequency response characteristics and coordinated control strategy of large-scale virtual power plants

Thermal Power Generation Vol. 54, Issue 9, Pages: 60-70(2025)

更新时间：2026-08-11

- Frequency response characteristics and coordinated control strategy of large-scale virtual power plants
- 作者机构：
  
  西安交通大学动力工程多相流国家重点实验室
- 作者简介：
- 基金信息：
- DOI：10.19666/j.rlfd.202411230
  CLC： TM621;TP273
- Published：2025
- 稿件说明：
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[1]田泽禹,沙钊旸,严卉,等.大型虚拟电厂频率响应特性及协调控制策略研究[J],2025,54(09):60-70.
[1]田泽禹,沙钊旸,严卉,等.大型虚拟电厂频率响应特性及协调控制策略研究[J],2025,54(09):60-70. DOI： 10.19666/j.rlfd.202411230.

DOI：10.19666/j.rlfd.202411230.

摘要

构建基于燃煤机组的大型虚拟电厂(L-VPP)是实现“双碳”目标下可再生能源消纳与燃煤发电转型的重要途径。建立了包含350 MW燃煤机组、100 MW光伏机组、90 MW·h电池储能和内部负载的L-VPP动态仿真模型与源-储调频控制系统模型。研究了在不同控制系统和燃煤机组变负荷速率下L-VPP的频率响应特性，发现燃煤机组变负荷速率是储能容量短缺时制约系统频率响应能力的关键因素，获得了源-储频率响应速率互补特性，进而提出了包含辅助功率指令与循环判定部分的协调控制策略。结果表明：采用上述协调策略控制后，频率极限值降低了0.06 Hz，稳态时间缩短了18.6%；以稳态误差低于频率死区为目标，燃煤机组的变负荷速率从不足3.50 MW/min提升至7.00 MW/min。该控制策略为大型虚拟电厂的安全高效运行提供了技术指导。

Abstract

Constructing a large-scale virtual power plant(L-VPP) based on coal-fired units is a vital strategy for achieving “dual-carbon” goals by enabling renewable energy integration and supporting the transition of coal-fired power generation. A dynamic simulation model of the L-VPP and a source-storage frequency regulation control system model are established

which include a 350 MW coal-fired unit

a 100 MW photovoltaic unit

a 90 MW·h battery energy storage system

and internal loads. The frequency response characteristics of the L-VPP are analyzed for various control systems and at different load ramp rates of the coal-fired unit. The results reveal that

the load ramp rate of the coal-fired unit is a critical constraint on frequency response capability when storage capacity is limited. The complementary frequency response characteristics between the source and storage are obtained

leading to a coordinated control strategy that incorporates auxiliary power commands and cyclic determination mechanisms.Simulations demonstrate that the proposed strategy lowers the frequency nadir by 0.06 Hz and shortens the steadystate recovery time by 18.6%. Furthermore

to achieve a steady-state error within the frequency dead band

the load ramp rate of the coal-fired unit is increased from below 3.50 MW/min to 7.00 MW/min. This strategy offers technical guidance for the safe and efficient operation of large-scale virtual power plants.

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references

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