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最新刊期
卷 47 ， 期 11 ， 2018
- 摘要：The commonly used standards of boiler performance test in China are briefly introduced, including Chinese standards and American standards. Because different standard versions will bring differences in the test results, it is necessary to study how to use different standard versions, thus to help engineers better understand and master the utilization of different standard versions in actual projects. The differences of boiler efficiency calculation method between ASME PTC4.1—1964 and ASME PTC4—2013 are discussed, and the difference in definition and application range of boiler efficiency, as well as the reference temperature and main heat loss calculation, are compared in detail. The calculation results of the performance test case show that: if the physical input heat is ignored, the relative deviation of the boiler efficiency calculated by the two standards is 0.054%; if the physical input heat is considered, the relative deviation of the gross efficiency calculated by the two standards is 0.055%, and the relative deviation of the fuel efficiency is 0.079%.关键词：ASME PTC4.1—1964;ASME PTC4—2013;boiler efficiency;boiler fuel efficiency;gross efficiency;calculation method;heat loss;performance test18|212|3更新时间：2025-09-28
- 摘要：The stable operation of fluidized bed gasification system requires that the moisture of biomass material should be lower than a certain value. Using hot air from the outlet of the direct air-cooled steam condenser to dry biomass material can not only achieve the effect of drying the biomass with waste heat, but also do not cause the waste of calorific value of the combustible components of biomass. The heat balance analysis of the thermoelectric coupled energy comprehensive utilization system based on air-cooled device is performed in this study. Its operating economy is compared with the conventional steam-powered multi-layer belt type dryers. The technology maturity of the new system is further discussed from the aspects of reliability of multi energy flow, energy gradient, and equipment maturity. The results show that, the energy margin from the hot air of the air-cooled steam condenser as the biomass desiccant of coupled power generation is enough, indicating technical scheme is feasible. Moreover, 5.5 billion in operating costs could be saved annually compared with the conventional multiple layers belt type dryers. In summary, the drying of biomass material by using the hot air from the air-cooled steam condenser is an application potential technology.关键词：coal-fired coupled biomass power generation;waste heat;dryer;total energy system theory;air-cooled steam condenser;technology maturity;feasibility6|147|1更新时间：2025-09-28
- 摘要：For double-reheat power generation units applying flue gas recirculation technology, bypass highpressure economizer system and low-pressure economizer system, theoretical analysis on calculation method of economic indexes, such as boiler efficiency, turbine heat rate and coal consumption rate of electricity generation, was performed. In method 1, the heat to the high-pressure and low-pressure economizers is treated as the boiler's heat loss, then the calculated total heat loss of the boiler is 6.42%, and the boiler efficiency is 93.58%. In method 2, the heat to the high-pressure and low-pressure economizers is treated as the heat absorbed by the turbine, then the calculated total heat loss of the boiler is 2.46%, and the boiler efficiency is 97.54%, which is obviously higher than that of the method 1. The boiler efficiency and turbine heat rate calculated by the above two methods differs dramatically, but the difference between the theoretical coal consumption rate calculated by the above two methods is only 0.19 g/(kW·h), which proved that the two methods are equivalent in calculating the energy consumption index of the unit. However, as the benefits of bypass high-pressure economizer system and low-pressure economizer system given to boiler or to turbine are both feasible for the economic indexes calculation, it can only be calculated once, otherwise, the economic indexes may be higher than the unit's real level.关键词：double-reheat;high-pressure economizer;low-pressure economizer;boiler fuel efficiency;turbine heat rate;coal consumption rate of electricity generation9|181|1更新时间：2025-09-28
- 摘要：On the basis of the statistical data of 8 coal-fired units, the unit power consumption was used to analyze the energy consumption of the positive pressure pneumatic ash disposal system. According to the present situation of the design and operation of the pneumatic ash removal system in China, a calculation method for evaluating whether there is energy saving potential in the pneumatic ash removal system was presented. Moreover, taking the pneumatic ash removal system of unit 1 and unit 2 of a power plant as the example, the results obtained are in agreement with the actual energy-saving effect of the optimized system, proving that this method can be used to evaluate the energy saving potential of the positive pressure pneumatic ash removal system of the same type of coalfired units. In addition, a real-time optimization method for cycle time of ash conveying units in the pneumatic ash removal system was also proposed, which can provide a reference for optimization of the pneumatic ash removal system during peak regulation of the coal-fired units.关键词：pneumatic ash disposal system;unit power consumption;system output;converted ash content;energy consumption status;peak regulation;energy saving8|111|0更新时间：2025-09-28
- 摘要：The thermal stress on conventional trough solar collector is relatively larger due to uneven light concentration. To solve this problem, a new type trough solar energy collector structure was put forward. Moreover, by using the Monte Carlo light tracing law and the finite element method, the concentrating characteristics of the new type collector, the performances of thermal strain and thermal stress of the collector tube as well as the heat flux distribution around the collector were obtained. On this basis, surrounding temperature field distribution of the heat collector tube was analyzed and the thermal stress on the thermal collector was calculated. The results show that, compared with the conventional trough solar collector, the heat flux density of the new solar trough collector's tube is more uniform in the circumferential direction of the heat collecting tubes, so the stress and strain distribution are also improved. As a result, the life of the solar collector can be effectively prolonged.关键词：solar energy collector;focusing characteristics;heat flux density;thermal stress;thermal strain;Monte Carlo light tracing law18|618|7更新时间：2025-09-28
- 摘要：Alkaline sorbent injection is an important method to remove SO_3 from coal-fired flue gas, while SO_2 in the flue gas may also react with the alkaline sorbent, which reduces the SO_3 remove efficiency of alkaline sorbent. In order to study the reaction rate and mechanism of reaction between SO_2/SO_3 and CaO at different temperatures, a corrosion-atmosphere-resistant absorption reaction device was designed and a reaction rate control model was established. The key reaction kinetic parameters were calculated. The results show that, the average reaction rates of SO_3 and CaO are 3.2 times, 4.2 times and 4.0 times of that of SO_2 respectively at 350 ℃, 400 ℃ and 450 ℃within 20 min. When CaO reacts with SO_2, the control step of the reaction rate is interface reaction. When CaO reacts with SO_3, the control step of the reaction rate is external diffusion. On this basis, a method is proposed to improve the removal efficiency of SO_3 by alkaline sorbent injection, namely reducing the external diffusion resistance from the sorbent side, such as fine grinding of the sorbent, atomization spraying after the sorbent is dissolved, and optimization of the flow field. In addition, decreasing the reaction temperature appropriately can reduce the consumption of sorbent by SO_2.关键词：CaO;SO2;SO3;reaction rate;control mechanism;alkaline sorbent injection;absorbent;external diffusion12|197|1更新时间：2025-09-28
- 摘要：To enhance the energy utilization efficiency and alleviate the crisis of fossil energy shortage and the environmental problems during the coal combustion, a novel distributed energy system integrated of wind and coal was proposed. By taking a chemical industrial park as an example, this paper analyzed the thermodynamic characteristics and parameter sensitivity in heat-following operation mode. The results show that, the annual primary energy utilization efficiency and exergy efficiency of the distributed energy system are 80.86% and 47.31%, respectively, indicating this system has a great thermodynamic performance. The primary energy utilization efficiency and exergy efficiency increases with the energy storage system efficiency and steam demand, and decreases with the increasing steam demand hours. The thermodynamic performance will also be influenced by the average wind speed considering the cut-in and cut-out wind speed.关键词：wind coal complementation;multi-energy compensation;distributed energy system;thermodynamic analysis;sensitivity analysis;energy utilization efficiency;exergy efficiency8|164|4更新时间：2025-09-28
- 摘要：Zhundong coal is a good coal for power generation due to its easy ignition and high burnout rate. However, the problem of fouling and slagging while using it has seriously affected its development and utilization. In this study, Zhundong coal combustion experiment was carried out on a liquid slag discharge cyclone furnace, and the microscopic appearance and composition of the ash-slag samples were analyzed by a scanning electron microscope. Moreover, the sintering strength of the fly ash was also analyzed. The results show that, the Zhundong coal was completely burned in the cyclone furnace, and the generation of NOx can be controlled by adjusting the air volume and the air distribution mode. In the liquid slag which was formed in the high temperature section of the cyclone furnace, there appeared the enrichment of Fe element. In the ash samples which was formed in the middle temperature section of the cyclone furnace, there appeared the enrichment of Na, Ca and S elements. Both the cyclone ash and slag contained alkali metal elements, the content of alkali metals in the liquid slag was lower than that in the raw coal ash, while that in ash was higher. The sintering strength of the fly ash of the cyclone furnace was high. The low melting point components of Na, Ca silicon aluminates and sulfates were important factors causing the fouling and slagging.关键词：Zhundong coal;liquid slag discharge;cyclone furnace;high sodium content coal;alkali metal;fouling and slagging;pollutant emission16|242|9更新时间：2025-09-28
- 摘要：Thermal power generation is a high energy consumption and water consumption industry, and recovery of water and waste heat from the flue gas of thermal power plants can play a significant energy-saving and watersaving effect. On the basis of experiment of water and waste heat recovery from flue gas by single 20-nm pore-sized ceramic membrane, the effects of flue gas flow rate(4～18 L/min), flue gas temperature(50～70 ℃), relative humidity of flue gas(40～100%) and cooling water flow rate(0.5～2.0 L/min) on the recovery performance of flue gas were studied. The results show that, the water recovery rate increased with the flue gas flow rate, flue gas temperature and relative humidity of flue gas. The water recovery efficiency rose with the flue gas temperature and relative humidity, and decreased with the increasing gas flow rate. The variation of cooling water flow had no effect on water recovery rate and water recovery efficiency. The flue gas convective condensation Nusselt number increased with the flue gas flow, relative humidity of flue gas and cooling water flow. In the case of large flue gas flow, the flue gas convective condensation Nusselt number increased with the flue gas temperature, and when the flue gas flow was small, the flue gas convection condensation Nusselt number increased at first and then decreased with the increasing flue gas temperature. The results are of theoretical significance for practical application of the ceramic membrane in flue gas of thermal power plants.关键词：ceramic membrane;flue gas;water vapor;waste heat;water recovery rate;water recovery efficiency;flue gas convection condensation Nusselt number8|398|14更新时间：2025-09-28
- 摘要：The semi-coke of Zhundong coal with a certain absorbing capacity was prepared on a tube furnace at 400 ℃ in N2 atmosphere. Then, microwave pyrolysis of the semi-coke was performed under the condition of microwave induced discharge and shielding discharge. The crystal phase structure, surface functional groups and specific surface area of the cokes obtained in the above two states were analyzed by X-ray diffractometer(XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectrometer(FT-IR) and BET surface detection. The results show that, compared with the non-discharge state, discharge heating for 10 min significantly increased the interlayer spacing(d002) and the lateral size of the crystallite(La) of the coke. Non-discharge microwave heating was slow to reduce the surface functional groups of the semi-coke, while pyrolysis in discharge state only for 10 min sharply decreased the amount of fat hydrocarbon and oxygen-contained functional groups of the semi-coke. Non-discharge microwave heating hardly changed the pore structure of the coke, but discharge for 30 min could increase the specific surface area of the coke from 4.4 m~2/g to 45.3 m~2/g. However, discharge for 60 min would seriously fracture the pore structure of the coke, reducing the specific surface area to 8.5 m~2/g.关键词：microwave discharge;semi-coke;Zhundong coal;crystal structure;surface functional group;specific surface area9|83|6更新时间：2025-09-28
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- 摘要：After chemical-looping combustion of coal under pressurized condition, the flue gases at the fuel reactor outlet are mainly CO_2 and H_2O, and that at the air reactor outlet are mainly N_2 and a small amount of O_2. These high temperature and high pressure flue gases carry a great amount of heat. The system of the pressured chemicallooping combustion coupling combined cycle(PCLC-CC) can realize cycle cascade utilization of the energy. In this paper, the Aspen Plus software was applied to simulate and thermodynamically analyze the PCLC-CC system of coal. The process simulation for the chemical chain combustion system, gas turbine, waste heat boiler and steam turbine was performed, respectively. The model analysis tools and process options of the Aspen Plus were employed to analyze and optimize the system parameters. The results show that, the minimum amount of air the PCLC-CC system needs is 137.43 kg/s, when the minimum oxygen carrier to coal ratio is 62.5, the net efficiency and CO_2 capture rate of the system is 40.65% and 92.81%, respectively, this agrees with the actual situation.关键词：chemical-looping combustion;fired coal;pressurized;process simulation;capture rate of CO2;net efficiency10|199|0更新时间：2025-09-28
- 摘要：Existing researches showed that the slagging of Zhundong coal will be prevented to a certain extent by adding kaolin. However, most of the existing studies are conducted under laboratory conditions, the combustion characteristics in the laboratory are very different to the actual boilers. To reveal the anti slagging effect of kaolin on an actual boiler, a field experiment was carried out on a boiler burning Zhundong coal. A slagging probe was put into the furnace to simulate the water wall of the boiler. The pulverized kaolin was transported by the air and jet onto the surface of the slagging probe to verify the effect of anti slagging. The results show that, the anti slagging effect depends on the component of kaolin itself directly. The slagging of Zhundong coal will not be prevented by adding kaolin if the alkali metal content in the kaolin is too high.关键词：Zhundong coal;high alkali metal content coal;kaolin;slagging;additive;probe system;filed test25|238|17更新时间：2025-09-28
- 摘要：Through the copper-copper sulfate method and double-loop electrochemical potentiokinetic reactivation technique(DL-EPR), the intergranular corrosion susceptibility of Incoloy800 alloy was tested. The effects of sensitive temperature and sensitive time on intergranular corrosion susceptibility of Incoloy800 H alloy were investigated. The microstructure of the sensitized specimens, morphology and elements of the alloy after DL-EPR test were examined by optical microscope, scanning electron microscopy and X-ray energy dispersive spectroscopy, respectively. The results show that, the susceptibility of the Incoloy800 H alloy increased at first and then decreased when the sensitive temperature rose and the sensitive time prolonged, and the highest susceptibility was observed after sensitization at 750 ℃ for 4 h, the reactivation rate Ra reached 71.8%. At high temperatures, the carbide precipitated in grain boundary of the Incoloy800 H alloy and a chromium-depleted zone formed, resulting in intergranular corrosion tendency of the Incoloy800 H alloy. When the sensitive temperature and sensitive time exceeded a critical value, self-repair of chromium elements occurred in chromium-poor regions and the intergranular corrosion susceptibility reduced significantly.关键词：Incoloy800H alloy;corrosion susceptibility;intergranular corrosion;chromium depleted region;self-healing;sensitive time;sensitive temperature11|218|4更新时间：2025-09-28
- 摘要：Aiming at solving the problem of severe slagging and fouling during Zhundong coal burning, a model was established to predict the clean heat-absorption capacity of low temperature superheater, by using support vector machine(SVM) and genetic algorithm(GA). Moreover, the value of clean coefficient was calculated to judge the ash fouling degree for heating surface, thus to instruct the operators to carry out ash operation. This is more reliable and economical than the conventional blow by time. Taking a 330 MW unit as an example, the model uses the data of DCS system to practice and predict the clean absorption heat of low temperature superheater, and the average relative error of the test set is only 1.35%. Furthermore, according to the historical data, the clean curve is obtained, which is consistent with the actual situation. The results show that the prediction model can reflect the pollution of low temperature heating surface well to some extent, thus it provides a reference for developing online monitoring systems of fouling and slagging in large-scale utility boilers.关键词：boiler;Zhundong coal;low temperature heating surface;fouling;support vector machine;genetic algorithm;clean factor;prediction model12|148|7更新时间：2025-09-28
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Application of condensate spray device in separated system of low pressure economizer and air heater
摘要：For the spray system, there is few engineering applications and the experience of system design and operation is insufficient. To solve these problems and promote the application of this technology, the design features, advantages and application of the spray system in separated system of low pressure economizer and air heater were introduced. In the separated system of low pressure economizer and air heater system, there are two ways to return the condensed water cooled by the air heater, which improves the reliability and stability of the system. A part of the condensed water cooled by the air heater is sprayed into the turbine exhaust pipe through the spray system, which can cool part of the steam in the cooling tower, reduce the back pressure, save the coal consumption, reduce the steam extracted from No.7 low pressure heater, and increase the energy-saving benefits. Taking a 600 MW air cooling unit as the example, economic analysis for the separated system under different conditions were carried out. The results show that, the energy conservation potential of the spray system increases at first and then decreases with the increasing ambient temperature at the same load. Moreover, the energy conservation potential increases with the decrease of the water temperature at the air heater outlet. It suggests that the spray system should be put into operation when the difference between the water temperature at the air heater outlet and the saturation temperature of the steam in the cooling tower exceeds 5 ℃. In the actual project, the annual average energy conservation potential of the spray system is 0.141 g/(kW·h) and the static payback period is 4.41 years.关键词：low pressure economizer;air heater;separate system;condensate water;spray device;steam extraction;low pressure heater;coal conservation10|96|3更新时间：2025-09-28 - 摘要：During the modeling of several soft sensing methods of carbon content in fly ash, the input features are not filtered by feature selection method and the modeling method type is relatively simple. To solve these problems, this article proposes a prediction model of carbon content in fly ash based on variable selection and flower pollination algorithm-optimized random forest(FPA-RF). In this model, the factors influencing the carbon content of fly ash constitute the initial variables, and the optimal variables are selected from the initial variables by the random forest-based variable selection method. Then, the random forest is trained by the optimal variables and its parameters are optimized by the flower pollination algorithm. Taken the running data of a 600 MW coal-fired power plant as the example, the prediction effects of the above FPA-RF model and the model based on artificial neural network(ANN) and particle swarm optimization-support vector machine(PSO-SVM) were compared. The results show that, the ANN prediction model has the largest prediction error and weaker generalization ability; the FPARF and PSO-SVM model both achieve better prediction effects, but the average training time of the PSO-SVM model is 55 s, which is about 30 s longer than that of the FPA-RF model. The FPA-RF model has higher prediction accuracy and faster calculation speed.关键词：coal-fired boiler;prediction control;carbon content in fly ash;variable selection;random forest;flower pollination algorithm;soft measurement9|456|15更新时间：2025-09-28
- 摘要：Against the current situation of SO_3 emission from coal-fired power plants, the mass concentration SO_3 in front and behind each pollutant control equipment of several domestic typical coal-fired units, including the ultra low emissions units and the units of which the emission satisfies the standard's requirement(short for discharge units), was tested in site. The results show that, the mass concentration of SO_3 emitted from most of the discharge units is higher than 5 mg/m~3, and that from a majority ultra low emission units is below 5 mg/m~3. Moreover, the migration of SO_3 in flue gas can be described as follows: after the flue gas flows through the SCR denitration equipment, the SO_3's mass concentration increases, it can be effectively removed by the subsequent ESP equipment, desulfuration equipment, low temperature ESP device and WESP device.关键词：coal-fired unit;SO3;migration;emission;remove;ultra low emission6|297|18更新时间：2025-09-28
- 摘要：Power-load unbalanced(PLU) protection of turbine generator can prevent overspeed of the turbine, but unnecessary protection action easily causes unit tripping and other accidents. According to the theoretical model of steam turbine, the PLU simulation model of an ultra-supercritical 1 050 MW unit was established and applied to analyze the overspeed protection action and the variations of the rotor speed of the unit under conditions with full load rejection. The simulation results show that, both the PLU of the unit and the overspeed protection control(OPC) can realize overspeed protection. The system with OPC reached the maximum speed(3 192 r/min), which was higher than that of the system with OPC and PLU(3 150 r/min) when full load rejection took place, and the system with PLU and OPC only actioned about 0.16 s earlier than the system with OPC. It can be said that the overspeed protection function of the PLU is overlapped with OPC in this unit, and it is possible for the PLU to cause serious accidents due to misoperation. Therefore, if the turbo-generator is equipped with both OPC and PLU, and the PLU only acts to prevent overspeed of the unit, it is recommended that the PLU can be eliminated on the premise of optimizing the OPC logic.关键词：turbine generator;power-load unbalanced protection;overspeed protection;rotor speed;simulation analysis14|96|8更新时间：2025-09-28
- 摘要：The energy saving optimization of condensate pump is very critical to improve the economy operation of thermal power unit under the condition of deep peak load regulation. In this study, the condense pumps of the 330 MW heating unit arranged with "one machine two pumps" and "one machine one pump" are selected as the research object respectively. The Ebsilon software is used to model and simulate the operating conditions of the unit under normal operation and deep peak load regulation conditions. The flow characteristics and power consumption characteristics of the condensate pump are analyzed. And an energy saving optimization scheme for adding a small flow condensate pump is proposed, the economy and feasibility of this scheme are demonstrated. The results show that, under the condition of deep peak load regulation, the original condensate pump and auxiliary motor system have low efficiency and large power consumption, which affects the safe and economic operation of the unit. The average power consumption of adding a small flow condensate pump is less than that of the original condensate pump, which is economically feasible and practical.关键词：deep peak load regulation;condensate pump;energy saving optimization;small flow condensate pump;power consumption;economy;feasibility8|248|3更新时间：2025-09-28
- 摘要：Taking an ultra supercritical 1 000 MW boiler with dual tangential circle as the research object, the flue gas components(O_2, CO and H_2S) near the water wall were detected under different operational conditions. Moreover, the influences of several factors, such as the second-air distribution mode, the separated over-fired air(SOFA) flow rate, the circumferential air flow rate and the second-air flow rate distribution at the same layer burners, on the volume fraction of O_2, CO and H_2S close to the water wall were analyzed. The results show that, affected by the special aerodynamic field inside the furnace, the areas close to burners 2, 3, 5 and 8 have the relative stronger reductive atmosphere and higher temperature. Regulating the secondary air distribution and SOFA flow rate, as well as increasing air flow rate of the primary combustion zone and reducing zone, could weaken the reductive atmosphere near the water wall. The reductive atmosphere near the hot corner water wall could be decreased by adjusting the circumferential air flow rate and second-air flow rate distribution at the same layer burner, and increasing the second air jet momentum of burners 1, 4, 6 and 7.关键词：coal-fired boiler;dual tangential circle boiler;high-temperature corrosion;water wall;flue gas component;reductive atmosphere;air volume;burner21|236|5更新时间：2025-09-28
- 摘要：Aiming to effectively improve the responsiveness of primary frequency modulation of thermal power unit under deep peaking, the scheme of primary frequency modulation technology of multivariable co-optimization is carried out in this study. This scheme includes throttling of main steam regulating valve, condensed water throttling, bypassing feedwater regulation, additional extraction steam adjustment and other technologies. The characteristics of primary frequency modulation have been analyzed in detail through various variable load characteristics tests, which give full play to the advantages and coupling gains of various technologies and have been successfully applied in a 1 000 MW USC unit. On the base of maintaining the responsiveness of primary frequency modulation, the operation opening of main steam regulating valve and the operation efficiency of high pressure cylinder increase by 5.3% and 3.1% on average, equal coal consumption reduces about 1.5 g/(kW·h), which has considerable economic benefit. The multivariable co-optimization technology in this study can be applied to the optimization of primary frequency modulation and AGC of thermal power units and the technological transformation projects of improving the flexibility of thermal power unit.关键词：primary frequency modulation;multivariable co-optimization;1000MW unit;condensed water throttling;extraction adjustment;bypassing feedwater;main steam regulating valve;economical operation7|270|9更新时间：2025-09-28
- 摘要：At present, there is an urgent need to effectively control and optimize the combustion process of gas turbine units to control NO_x emissions. Taking a Germany Siemens SGT5-4000 F(4) heavy duty gas turbine as the research object, the influences of the parameters of air system, fuel system, combustion system and exhaust system on NO_x emissions at different loads during a simple cycle combustion process are studied. The results show that, the pressure ratio of compressor, IGV valve position and differential pressure of combustion chamber vary linearly with the load of the gas turbine. The pilot gas flow and the turbine exhaust gas temperature are the important parameters that affect NO_x production. When the gas turbine load is lower than 110 MW, the NO_x emission concentration increases with the gas turbine load. When the gas turbine load is higher than 110 MW, with the increasing of the gas turbine load, the NO_x emission concentration rapidly decreases to the lowest value and then gradually increases to the constant.关键词：gas turbine;simple cycle;gas turbine load;turbine exhaust gas temperature;pilot gas flow;NOx emission8|119|2更新时间：2025-09-28
- 摘要：To solve the problem between operating economy and frequency modulation performance in depth peak load cycling of thermal power plants, a primary frequency-tuning optimization control strategy was proposed. In this strategy, the heat consumption rate, unit back pressure, current load and throttling state of high pressure regulating valve are comprehensively considered, and the main steam pressure which is optimal for each index in sliding pressure operation zone is determined. Based on the multi-objective intelligent sliding pressure operation mode, the condensing water load change technology is fully utilized to increase the utilization rate of the unit heat storage, so as to achieve the objective of balancing the frequency modulation performance and the operational economy at low load of the unit. Combined with full-condition sliding pressure correction, multi-objective intelligent sliding pressure optimization and condensate variable load technology, the primary frequency modulation optimization test was carried out in a 600 MW unit. The results show that, this primary frequency-tuning optimization control strategy can ensure the unit achieve a higher primary frequency pass rate in the low-to-medium load section, which provides an effective way to participate in depth peak load adjustment of thermal power units in the future.关键词：thermal power unit;depth load peak regulation;multi-objective intelligent sliding pressure optimization;primary frequency modulation;condensate variable load;control strategy10|733|31更新时间：2025-09-28
- 摘要：The internal defects of gas insulated switchgear(GIS) equipments seriously threaten the safe and reliable operation of electric power systems. Digital radiography(DR) detection technology can realize visual diagnosis of internal structure of the GIS equipments, and provide strong technical support for equipment fault diagnosis. According to the principle that the X ray absorptivity of different materials can be characterized by transmission intensity ratio of materials, the material density and atomic number were used to calculate the material transmission intensity ratio. Moreover, the feasibility and validity of using the DR detection technology to detect typical defects of GIS equipments were investigated. The effect of applying voltage on the effectiveness of DR detection of internal insulation defects was experimentally studied. Finally, a 220 kV GIS equipment was tested by the DR technology, which proves that it is effective and feasible to use the DR technology to carry out detection and preliminary judgement for internal insulation defects of GIS equipments.关键词：GIS;DR detection;visualization;partial discharge;X-ray;typical defects;fault diagnosis18|190|7更新时间：2025-09-28
- 摘要：Accurate and real-time calculation of operating costs of power generation enterprises is basic task for power generation enterprises to conduct price negotiation and competitive bidding with power companies, grid companies and large users in the electricity market. On the basis of introducing different transaction types in electricity market, this article analyzes three kinds of operation costs and their calculation methods for power generation enterprises. Taking a 300 MW coal-fired unit as the example, the variable cost price, average cost price and marginal cost price for medium-and long-term contract/bidding markets, pre-day markets, real-time markets and ancillary services markets were calculated, and the key problems need to be considered in cost calculation were investigated, to provide reference basis for power generation enterprises to make power sale and bidding strategy.关键词：power generation enterprise;price;power market;whole process;production and operation cost;cost calculation10|353|4更新时间：2025-09-28
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