Under the background of “double carbon”

a large number of electric vehicles provide flexible energy storage resources for virtual power plants. There is an interest game between virtual power plant operators and electric vehicle owners

and the operation process is affected by many uncertain factors

which poses a challenge to the optimal scheduling. Therefore

a bilevel optimization model of interval master-slave game for virtual power plant with electric vehicle is proposed. The upper level model takes the minimum operation cost of the virtual power plant as the optimization objective

considers the constraints of power balance and energy storage system

and updates the corresponding electricity price information according to the obtained upper level objective. Based on the electricity price information

the lower optimization model takes the minimum power consumption cost of electric vehicle owners as the optimization objective

solves the aggregated electric vehicle power

and sends it to the upper optimization model. The results show that

the interval master-slave game bilevel optimization model can take into account the bilateral interests of virtual power plant operators and electric vehicle owners

and effectively improve the robustness of the system.