基于能量平衡的亚临界循环流化床锅炉压火时长计算方法

刘众元; 高义斌; 刘志兵; 梁五洲; 马素霞; 魏绍青; 柳成亮

doi:10.19666/j.rlfd.202502056

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基于能量平衡的亚临界循环流化床锅炉压火时长计算方法

热力发电 2025年54卷第11期页码：161-168

热能科学研究 | 更新时间：2026-08-11

- 基于能量平衡的亚临界循环流化床锅炉压火时长计算方法
- Calculation method for banking fire duration of subcritical circulating fluidized bed boilers based on energy balance
- 作者机构：
  
  1. 国网山西省电力公司电力科学研究院
  2. 北京怀柔实验室
  3. 怀柔实验室山西研究院
- 作者简介：
- 基金信息：
  
  怀柔实验室项目（ZD2023008A）~~
- DOI：10.19666/j.rlfd.202502056
  中图分类号： TM621.2;TK229.66
- 纸质出版：2025
- 稿件说明：
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[1]刘众元,高义斌,刘志兵,等.基于能量平衡的亚临界循环流化床锅炉压火时长计算方法[J],2025,54(11):161-168.
[1]刘众元,高义斌,刘志兵,等.基于能量平衡的亚临界循环流化床锅炉压火时长计算方法[J],2025,54(11):161-168. DOI： 10.19666/j.rlfd.202502056.

DOI：10.19666/j.rlfd.202502056.

摘要

压火时长作为压火调峰的核心控制参数，直接影响机组运行的安全性和经济性。然而，由于压火过程中各热力学参数的复杂耦合与动态特性，现有计算方法难以实现高效、精准计算。针对亚临界CFB锅炉压火调峰，提出一种基于能量平衡的压火时长计算方法，建立压火期间锅炉蓄热量、汽轮机利用热量与散热量的动态平衡模型，推导出床料、浇注料、金属受热面、工质及碳燃烧等关键热源的蓄放热公式，最终计算得到压火时长。以某300 MW亚临界CFB机组为例，计算值与实测值绝对误差控制在5 min内，相对误差小于10%，能够满足压火调峰工程需要。研究结果表明：蓄热方面，金属受热面蓄热对压火时长的贡献度为35%～41%、床料与浇注料的贡献度各约20%、床料中碳燃烧的贡献度为10%～15%，气体和工质蓄热的贡献度不足2%，可忽略；耗热方面，发电耗热占比最高，且随电负荷增大而增大，汽轮机克服本身转动阻力所需的热占比约20%，机组散热占比低于5%。通过提高压火初始温度、增加床料量、燃用高挥发分煤种、降低机组压火期间电负荷可显著延长压火时长。通常只有将压火期间平均电负荷降低至1%额定负荷以下，压火时长才能够大于2 h。

Abstract

As a core control parameter in peak regulation via banking fire

the banking fire duration directly affects the safety and economic efficiency of unit operation. However

due to the complex coupling and dynamic characteristics of thermodynamic parameters during the banking process

it is difficult for existing calculation methods to achieve efficient and accurate calculations. An energy-balance-based method was proposed for banking fire duration calculation in subcritical CFB boilers. A dynamic equilibrium model was established for heat storage and turbine heat utilization and heat dissipation during banking fire

deriving heat storage and release formulas for key heat sources

such as bed material

refractory

metal heating surfaces

working fluid

and carbon combustion. Finally

the banking fire duration was obtained. Taking a 300 MW sub-critical CFB unit as an example

the absolute error between the calculated value and the measured value is controlled within 5 minutes

and the relative error is less than 10%

which can meet the engineering requirements of fire-hold peak-shaving. The results demonstrate that

in terms of heat storage

the heat storage of metal heating surfaces contributes 35%～41% to the banking fire duration. The contributions of bed material and refractory are each approximately 20%

and the contribution of carbon combustion in the bed material is 10%～15%. The contributions of gas and working fluid heat storage are less than 2% and can be neglected. In terms of heat consumption

heat consumption for power generation accounts for the highest proportion

and it increases with the electrical load. The heat required for the steam turbine to overcome its own rotational resistance accounts for approximately 20%

and the proportion of heat dissipation of the unit is less than 5%. By raising the initial temperature of banking fire

increasing the amount of bed material

using coal with high volatile content

and reducing the electrical load of the unit during banking

the banking fire duration can be significantly prolonged. Notably

the banking fire duration exceeds 2 hours only when the average electrical load during banking is reduced to 1% of rated load.

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