超临界循环流化床锅炉变负荷特性模拟

刘梁; 高凯旋; 谢德清; 何建乐; 黄中; 金燕; 吕俊复; 柯希玮

doi:10.19666/j.rlfd.202503042

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超临界循环流化床锅炉变负荷特性模拟

热力发电 2025年54卷第7期页码：43-53

“超超临界循环流化床发电技术”专题 | 更新时间：2026-08-11

- 超临界循环流化床锅炉变负荷特性模拟
- Simulation of variable-load characteristics of a supercritical circulating fluidized bed boiler
- 作者机构：
  
  1. 太原理工大学电气与动力工程学院
  2. 清华大学能源与动力工程系
  3. 怀柔实验室山西研究院
  4. 华电国际电力股份有限公司朔州热电分公司
  5. 华电电力科学研究院有限公司
- 作者简介：
- 基金信息：
  
  “十四五”国家重点研发计划项目(2022YFB4100303)~~
- DOI：10.19666/j.rlfd.202503042
  中图分类号： TM621.2
- 纸质出版：2025
- 稿件说明：
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[1]刘梁,高凯旋,谢德清,等.超临界循环流化床锅炉变负荷特性模拟[J],2025,54(07):43-53.
[1]刘梁,高凯旋,谢德清,等.超临界循环流化床锅炉变负荷特性模拟[J],2025,54(07):43-53. DOI： 10.19666/j.rlfd.202503042.

DOI：10.19666/j.rlfd.202503042.

摘要

新能源装机占比的不断提高对包括超临界循环流化床（circulating fluidized bed

CFB）锅炉在内的燃煤发电机组灵活性提出了更高要求。以某350 MWCFB锅炉为对象，采用计算颗粒流体动力学（computational particle fluid dynamics

CPFD）方法，针对变负荷工况下的炉内过程响应特性开展了模拟研究，并探讨了燃烧-循环干预措施对变负荷速率的影响。结果表明：升负荷工况下，低负荷段（30%～50%机组额定负荷）的平均热流密度响应速率比高负荷段（50%以上机组额定负荷）下降约38%；仅看高负荷段，机组降负荷时热流密度响应更快，变化率比升负荷时大31%左右。不同负荷变化幅度下，炉内颗粒悬浮浓度和对流换热强度均可快速响应，而炉内温度的变化略显滞后，说明CFB锅炉更依赖传热系数的变化实现热量传递的快速调节。采用燃烧干预，如将40%的原给煤替换成百微米级的细煤颗粒，能够有效加快炉膛温度的变化，升负荷时高负荷段平均热流密度响应速率提高约43%，低负荷段也提升了近16%。此外，采用循环干预，即在升负荷时额外添加一定量的细床料，可使颗粒悬浮浓度在短时间内快速增加，从而有效提高受热表面传热率的响应速率；若进一步给入热细床料（如通过循环灰热储-回送方式），升负荷时高负荷段炉内平均热流密度响应速率可提高约31%，低负荷段也可提升13%左右。研究结果探明了CFB锅炉变负荷时的炉内响应机制，验证了循环-燃烧干预提高机组变负荷速率的可行性，为深入挖掘超临界CFB锅炉的灵活性潜力、改善其变负荷能力提供了参考。

Abstract

With the continuously increasing proportion of installed capacity from new energy sources

higher flexibility demands are imposed on coal-fired power generation units

including supercritical circulating fluidized bed(CFB) boilers. By taking a 350 MW supercritical CFB boiler as the research object

the computational particle fluid dynamics(CPFD) method was employed to simulate the furnace response characteristics under variable load conditions

focusing on parameters such as furnace temperature

near-wall particle concentration

and average heat flux density on heating surfaces. The effects of combustion and circulation interventions on the rate of load change were also explored. The results indicate that

during load ramp-up operation

the response rate of average heat flux density in low load range(30%～50% of the unit rated load) decreases by about 38% compared with that in high load range(above 50% of the rated load). Focusing only on the high load range

the heat flux density responds faster during load ramp-down

with the rate of change about 31% higher than that during ramp-up. Under varying load amplitudes

the particle suspension concentration and convective heat transfer intensity inside the furnace can respond rapidly

while temperature changes lag slightly

indicating that CFB boilers rely more on variations in the heat transfer coefficient for rapid thermal regulation. Through combustion interventions

such as substituting 40% of the original coal feedstock with fine coal particles sized several hundred microns

the change in furnace temperature can be effectively accelerated

with the response rate of average heat flux density during ramp-up in the high load range increasing by about 43%

and by nearly 16% in the low load range. Additionally

implementing circulation interventions

such as adding a certain amount of fine bed material during ramp-up

can rapidly increase the particle suspension concentration in a short time and thus effectively improve the response rate of the heat transfer coefficient on the heating surface. If hot fine material is further added(for example

through a hot circulating ash storage and return system)

the response rate of the average heat flux density during ramp-up in the high load range can be improved by approximately 31%

and by about 13% in the low load range. The study elucidates the internal response mechanisms of CFB boilers under variable loading conditions

confirms the feasibility of improving load change rates through circulation and combustion interventions

and provides a reference for further tapping the flexibility potential of supercritical CFB boilers and improving their variable load capability.

关键词

Keywords

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