燃煤电站绿氨掺烧全产业链关键技术研究进展与低碳经济分析

李海燕; 孙王平; 程宇; 崖华青; 方世东; 冯汉升; 罗广南

doi:10.19666/j.rlfd.202505076

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燃煤电站绿氨掺烧全产业链关键技术研究进展与低碳经济分析

热力发电 2025年54卷第8期页码：1-12

绿氨掺烧技术研究进展 | 更新时间：2026-08-11

- 燃煤电站绿氨掺烧全产业链关键技术研究进展与低碳经济分析
- Research progress on key technologies and low-carbon economy analysis of the whole industrial chain of green ammonia co-firing in coal-fired power plants
- 作者机构：
  
  1. 合肥综合性国家科学中心能源研究院(安徽省能源实验室)
  2. 中国科学院合肥物质科学研究院等离子体物理研究所
- 作者简介：
- 基金信息：
  
  国家重点研发计划项目(2023YFB4005705);合肥综合性国家科学中心能源研究院(安徽省能源实验室)国家级配套项目(24KZS401)~~
- DOI：10.19666/j.rlfd.202505076
  中图分类号： TM621;X773
- 纸质出版：2025
- 稿件说明：
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[1]李海燕,孙王平,程宇,等.燃煤电站绿氨掺烧全产业链关键技术研究进展与低碳经济分析[J],2025,54(08):1-12.
[1]李海燕,孙王平,程宇,等.燃煤电站绿氨掺烧全产业链关键技术研究进展与低碳经济分析[J],2025,54(08):1-12. DOI： 10.19666/j.rlfd.202505076.

DOI：10.19666/j.rlfd.202505076.

摘要

为应对燃煤电站低碳转型需求，氨作为零碳燃料及高效储氢载体，其与煤混烧技术为火电行业碳减排提供了新路径。从“制-储-输-用”全产业链角度，系统综述了绿氨合成、存储运输及氨煤混烧的研究进展与关键技术，并评估其经济性。研究发现，绿氨合成以第二代低温低压技术(铁/钌催化剂)最具工业化潜力，该技术需要突破催化活性提升与可再生能源制氢-合成氨系统动态匹配技术；并提出开发10万吨级低温储罐与长输液氨管道，建设“西氨东输”网络以支撑绿氨规模化应用；氨煤混烧可通过优化掺氨位置(低氧区后掺)、空气分级(主燃区当量比1.1～1.3)及掺氨比例，以及设计低氮氨煤混烧燃烧装置，实现NOx排放与纯煤相当，且需考虑掺烧后炉内辐射传热减弱、对流增强，以及锅炉汽水系统兼容性。当绿电成本降至0.10元/(k W·h)且碳价大于370元/t，或利用弃风/光电制氨时，绿氨将比燃煤具备竞争力，未来需通过绿氨降本、碳价机制与政策支持推动技术落地。该研究为燃煤电站绿氨掺烧技术规模化应用提供了全链条技术参考与经济性优化方向。

Abstract

To address the demand for low-carbon transition in coal-fired power plants

ammonia

as a zero-carbon fuel and efficient hydrogen storage carrier

provides a novel pathway for carbon reduction in the thermal power industry. The key technologies and research advances in green ammonia synthesis

storage

transportation

and ammonia-coal co-firing are systematically reviewed from the perspective of the “production-storage-transportationutilization” whole industry chain

and the economic feasibility is also evaluated. The study reveals that

the secondgeneration low-temperature and low-pressure synthesis technology(Fe/Ru catalysts) exhibits the greatest industrial potential for green ammonia production

but requires breakthroughs in enhancing catalytic activity and dynamic matching technologies for renewable energy-based hydrogen-ammonia synthesis systems. It is urgent to develop 100 000-ton-level cryogenic storage tanks and long-distance liquid ammonia pipelines

and establish a “West-toEast Ammonia Transmission” network to support large-scale applications. Ammonia-coal co-firing can achieve NOx emissions comparable to pure coal combustion by optimizing ammonia injection positions(post-injection in low-oxygen zones)

air staging(equivalence ratio of 1.1～1.3 in primary zone)

and ammonia blending ratios

alongside designing low-NOx co-firing burners. However

the weakened radiative heat transfer and enhanced convective heat transfer post-co-firing necessitate compatibility adjustments in boiler steam-water systems. When the cost of renewable electricity decreases to 0.10 yuan/(kW·h) with carbon price exceeding 370 yuan/t

or by utilizing curtailed wind/solar power(with near-zero electricity costs)

green ammonia is more competitive than coal. In the future

it is necessary to promote the implementation of technology through green ammonia cost reduction

carbon price mechanism and policy support. This study provides comprehensive technical references and economic optimization strategies for scaling up green ammonia co-firing in coal-fired power plants.

关键词

Keywords

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