[Objective] With the rapid growth of renewable energy under the goals of carbon peaking and carbon neutrality

power systems face increasing demand for long-duration energy storage and flexible peak regulation. Electrically heated solid particle thermal energy storage(TES) is a promising option because it offers high operating temperature

wide storage temperature range

low-cost storage media

good thermal stability

clean electric-tothermal conversion

and strong potential for integration with renewable energy systems and coal-fired power plants. This paper aims to clarify the research progress

major bottlenecks

and future directions of this technology. [Analysis] This paper reviews electrically heated solid particle TES from the perspectives of heating principles

representative devices

application scenarios

and key scientific and engineering issues. Two major routes

resistance heating and induction heating

are discussed in detail. For resistance heating

both indirect and direct modes are considered. Indirect resistance heating transfers heat from electric heating elements to particles through conduction

convection

and radiation. It has advantages such as simple structure

mature equipment

and good controllability

but it also suffers from additional thermal resistance and heat loss. Direct resistance heating allows conductive particles or conductive particle networks to generate Joule heat directly

which improves heating compactness and electric-to-thermal efficiency

while also introducing challenges related to conductivity stability

local overheating

oxidation resistance

and the formation of reliable conductive paths. Induction heating provides non-contact heating and rapid thermal response

and is attractive for high-temperature applications. However

its performance depends strongly on frequency

magnetic field intensity

coil design

particle size

electrical conductivity

magnetic permeability

and temperature-dependent material properties. In addition

induction heating systems often face higher equipment cost

cooling demand

and lower overall efficiency in practical applications. Representative devices for solid particle heating

including tubular heaters

plate heaters

fluidized-bed heaters

and moving-bed heaters

are also summarized. Tubular and plate heaters are relatively mature and suitable for small-and mediumscale systems

whereas fluidized-bed and moving-bed configurations show better heat transfer performance and greater potential for high-power and continuous operation. At the same time

they involve more complex issues such as particle flow stability

pressure drop

abrasion

temperature uniformity

and model accuracy. This paper further discusses key challenges

including high-temperature particle flow and heat transfer mechanisms

optimization of electric heating efficiency

durability of particle materials under thermal cycling

cost control

and coordinated operation with coal-fired power plants. [Conclusion] Electrically heated solid particle TES is a promising technical route for renewable energy integration

long-duration energy storage

and flexible operation of coal-fired power plants. Resistance heating is currently more mature and economically competitive

while induction heating has advantages in non-contact heating

rapid response

and high-temperature adaptability

but still requires progress in efficiency improvement

cost reduction

and particle material matching. Future research should focus on multi-field coupled particle flow and heat transfer

low-cost and high-performance particle materials

modular electric heating devices

heat loss control

and coordinated control strategies

so as to promote the scale-up

industrialization

and commercialization of this technology.